The volume collects the essays of numerous Authors, experts in different disciplines, who present in a simple clear and seriously documented way the characteristics of the Alps from different socio-cultural points of view: languages, regional idioms, demographic questions, communities identities, cultural landscapes, inheritance succession regimes and territory joint management. This gives a high level of interdisciplinarity to the publication. The conclusions focalise the attention on the opportunity to include a Protocol on “Population and Culture” in the “Alpine Convention” in order to achieve a sustainable development.