Climate change is affecting, or will affect each region of the world in different and specific ways. The vulnerability of mountain ecosystems to global warming and climate change is particularly high. Although globally the Alps may not be a major contributor to CO2 emissions, it is important that the Alps, their authorities and population reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and prepare for the future impacts of a changing climate, which threaten the ecosystem of the Alps and the eco-services the mountains bestow on the human race.