The articles brought together in this publication are intended to respond to the following question: Under what conditions and what circumstances are a mountain massif or range used as a reference for regional construction? Answers to this question are rare. Yet this phenomenon is assuming increasing importance in several regions of the world. In this issue, our aim is to seek answers to this question in three directions at the same time: in terms of a relevant entity for public concern (1), in terms of organisational configurations (2), and in terms of regional identity (3).